Improve Vulnerability Tracking: Store Fingerprints

This MR was copied from !54515 (closed).

This MR is the first phase of the backend implementation of the proof-of-concept MR: !45339 (closed) and is part of the epic https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/4690 - Improve Vulnerability Tracking: MVP: Scope+Offset

What does this MR do?

This merge request uses the database table added with !52720 (merged) to only store vulnerability tracking fingerprints.

Using the stored fingerprint values will be implemented in a follow-up MR and will be placed behind a feature flag. -->

Screenshots (strongly suggested)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation (if required)
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Availability and Testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• Tested in all supported browsers
• Informed Infrastructure department of a default or new setting change, if applicable per definition of done

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• The MR includes necessary changes to maintain consistency between UI, API, email, or other methods
• Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team