Projects and groups badges settings UI (EE-port)

EE-port of https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/17114

What does this MR do?

Add UI for adding/editing/deleting project and group badges.

Screenshots

Group settings

Project settings

Project overview

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• Documentation created/updated: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/18200
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• Review
  • Has been reviewed by UX
  • Has been reviewed by Frontend
  • Has been reviewed by Backend
• Squashed related commits together
• Internationalization required/considered
• End-to-end tests pass (package-qa manual pipeline job)

What are the relevant issue numbers?

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/41174, https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/41176