[RUN AS-IF-FOSS] Move the Dependency Proxy to Core

What does this MR do?

Moves the dependency proxy feature of the package stage to GitLab Core.

Most files were moved without any changes at all and most other changes are moved directly from one file to another with no change.

Note: This MR contains the private groups feature, which may not be merged first, !47471 (merged) does not contain that feature and is pointing to master.

Screenshots (strongly suggested)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation (if required)
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• [-] Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Availability and Testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• Tested in all supported browsers
• [-] Informed Infrastructure department of a default or new setting change, if applicable per definition of done

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• [-] Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• [-] The MR includes necessary changes to maintain consistency between UI, API, email, or other methods
• [-] Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team

Related to #273655 (closed)