Add logging for projects missing project_feature when indexed

What does this MR do?

Issue #232654 (closed)

Somehow projects are being indexed but missing project features. I'm unable to determine why this is happening, but have seen errors in Sentry to indicate that it IS happening somehow. What's weird is that in database-lab, it doesn't look like there is a difference in the projects and project_features table counts. So maybe it's some sort of race condition?

This MR adds logging for projects missing project_features and continues to raise the error. The logging should help us determine what is happening (race condition, bad data, something else?) and will create a follow up issue to address it once we have this merged.

Related sentry errors:

https://sentry.gitlab.net/gitlab/gitlabcom/?query=is%3Aunresolved+string_access_level

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• [-] Documentation (if required)
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• [-] Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Availability and Testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• [-] Tested in all supported browsers
• [-] Informed Infrastructure department of a default or new setting change, if applicable per definition of done

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• [-] Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• [-] The MR includes necessary changes to maintain consistency between UI, API, email, or other methods
• [-] Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team