Fail job that has CI secrets but Vault server configuration is missing

What does this MR do?

This MR builds on top of !34898 (merged) and adds new failure reason for jobs that have CI secrets defined but there is no secrets provider (i.e. Vault) available. Such jobs will be dropped with failure reason secrets_provider_not_found.

Related to #218746 (comment 351070788):

Missing server details: we can fail job on Rails as missing with a dedicated failure_reason?

Screenshots

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation (if required)
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Availability and Testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• Tested in all supported browsers
• Informed Infrastructure department of a default or new setting change, if applicable per definition of done

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• The MR includes necessary changes to maintain consistency between UI, API, email, or other methods
• Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team