Workaround for `Retry later` errors during E2E tests

What does this MR do?

The Retry later error appears when accessing protected paths, most frequently when signing in or signing out. This detects the error when visiting those pages (and also whenever verifying elements on pages), and waits for 60 seconds before refreshing. This process repeats, adding 60 seconds each time.

To prevent running indefinitely, it allows the test to fail after 5 attempts.

This also increases number of retries on Staging/Canary/Prod pipelines to 3 (up from 2)

See #34212 (closed) and #213030 (closed)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• [-] Changelog entry
• [-] Documentation (if required)
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• [-] Database guides
• [-] Separation of EE specific content