Add filters to VulnerabilityResolver

What does this MR do?

This MR adds arguments for filtering by severity, state, and report type to VulnerabilitiesResolver. This is part of the work required to transition the security dashboards to 1st class vulnerabilities.

Issue: #207437 (closed)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation (if required)
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Availability and Testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.