Stop traversing full dependency graph on ingestion

Ryan Wellsrequested to merge
rw/593156-remove-transitive-graph-paths into master

What does this MR do and why?

Sbom::PathFinder now reads top-level ancestors from direct edges, so the transitive rows written by the graph build are unused. Building them needed an exponential route search in exhaustive mode, and they make up about 41% of sbom_graph_paths on GitLab.com.

Changes:

  1. The build now writes only direct edges, and the flag for the direct-edge lookup is removed.
  2. The fast_dependency_paths_enabled setting no longer changes the build.
  3. Removing it from the API needs a deprecation, so it stays.

Related to #593156

Must be re-based after !257547 (merged) and !257548 (merged) are merged.

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