Fix gl-dropdown component's caret alignment

What does this MR do?

Makes the gl-dropdown component align the caret to the right of the dropdown, no matter the width of the dropdown.

This is a temporary fix for the 12.8 milestone, and should be replaced as soon as GitLab UI provides a dropdown component with this behaviour (there is an open issue regarding this: 164)

Screenshots

Before

After

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation (if required)
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Availability and Testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• Tested in all supported browsers
• Informed Infrastructure department of a default or new setting change, if applicable per definition of done

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• The MR includes necessary changes to maintain consistency between UI, API, email, or other methods
• Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team

Mentions #37297 (closed)