Enable Rails rubocops

What does this MR do?

This MR enables the following rubocops as part of #42182 (closed)

Rubocops enabled and applied to current codebase:

• Rails/SafeNavigationWithBlank,
• Rails/EnumHash
• Style/MutableConstant

Rubocops enabled that ignore current codebase but will apply to future changes:

• Rails/ApplicationController
• Rails/ApplicationMailer
• Rails/RakeEnvironment
• Rails/HelperInstanceVariable

Screenshots

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation (if required)
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Availability and Testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• Tested in all supported browsers

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• The MR includes necessary changes to maintain consistency between UI, API, email, or other methods
• Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team