Add documentation for instance-level SSH certificates

What does this MR do and why?

Contributes to gitlab-shell#841 (closed)

Problem

The new trusted_user_ca_keys feature in gitlab-sshd (gitlab-shell!1396 (merged)) lacks user-facing documentation. The existing gitlab_sshd.md page also incorrectly states that gitlab-sshd does not support SSH certificates.

Solution

Add a new standalone documentation page gitlab_sshd_ssh_certificates.md covering configuration, certificate issuance, multi-CA support, security considerations, and troubleshooting. Update gitlab_sshd.md to correct the outdated statement. Add cross-references from ssh_certificates.md and group/ssh_certificates.md.

References

  • Implementation MR: gitlab-shell!1396 (merged)
  • Issue: gitlab-shell#841 (closed)
  • Existing OpenSSH SSH certificates docs: doc/administration/operations/ssh_certificates.md
  • Existing group-level SSH certificates docs: doc/user/group/ssh_certificates.md
  • Existing gitlab-sshd docs: doc/administration/operations/gitlab_sshd.md

Screenshots or screen recordings

Not applicable (documentation only).

How to set up and validate locally

Visit https://docs.gitlab.com/upstream-review-mr-ee-229028/administration/operations/gitlab_sshd_ssh_certificates/

MR acceptance checklist

Evaluate this MR against the MR acceptance checklist. It helps you analyze changes to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

Edited by Vasilii Iakliushin

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