Speed up link generation for project_id and namespace_id params

What does this MR do?

Why is link generation slow: #194144 (closed)

This MR ports changes from rails master: https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/38184

Performance comparison: #194144 (comment 266890661)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation (if required)
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Availability and Testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• Tested in all supported browsers

Closes #194144 (closed)