Resolve "build-qa-image job breaks in gitlab-foss"

What does this MR do?

1. Change cache image for gitlab-qa to use ${CI_PROJECT_PATH}.

• ce image used by gitlab-foss pipeline is pushed to gitlab-org/gitlab-foss container registry, so using gitlab-org/gitlab instead of ${CI_PROJECT_PATH} breaks the gitlab-foss pipeline.
• Given that security repo now has this image built on master branch, the security pipeline would be able to pull and push the new image using ${CI_PROJECT_PATH}.

2. Move docker login to before docker pull, because the security repo container registry requires log in to pull images from.

This change is verified in security repo in this job:

• https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security/gitlab/-/jobs/385591034

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation (if required)
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Closes #119318 (closed)