CI: bump DOCKER_VERSION to 28.5.2

What does this MR do and why?

CI: bump DOCKER_VERSION to 28.5.2

Update DOCKER_VERSION to 28.5.2, following updates including this version to the gitlab-build-images project.

This also updates buildx to 0.30.1 to address the race-condition inducing crash/stack trace in the assets image (compile-production-assets)

See also: gitlab-build-images!1029 (merged)

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