Add template for small to medium scientific software projects.

Closes #35293.

What does this MR do?

As recently discussed on StackExchange, there are guidelines for developing scientific software, but there is no project template for a simple simulation library. IMHO the lack of such a template makes it hard for computational scientists to implement the good practices or guidelines, which subsequently results in messy simulation code.

Add a template project to https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/project-templates. It targets small to medium scientific software projects, which consists mainly of one dynamic library written in C++ for performance reasons. In order to provide a easy-to-use interface, bindings for Python are created automatically. Furthermore, the template features automatic builds, documentation generation, code formatting/test coverage checks, and supports continuous integration (CI) and testing.

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Create boilerplate (Steps 1-2)
• Create bundle (Steps 3-5)
• Changelog entry (Step 6)
• Testing (Step 11)

Note that Steps 7-10 (creating an SVG icon) are not required at this stage, the GitLab icon will do nicely.