Align Container Registry repository names regex with docker distribution

What does this MR do?

The regex GitLab uses to validate container repository names is rejecting some names that are usable by docker registry, and also due to repository names needing to match the project path, the regex is rejecting some project paths. This MR adds the ability for a user to have more than one - in sequence in their docker repository name.

References:

Docker registry naming regex

Screenshots

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• [-] Documentation (if required)
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• [-] Separation of EE specific content

Availability and Testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• [-] Tested in all supported browsers

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• [-] Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• [-] The MR includes necessary changes to maintain consistency between UI, API, email, or other methods
• [-] Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team

Related #36611 (closed)