Make register job service to be resillient

What does this MR do?

Make scheduler to be resilient to data integrity issues: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/34897.

This prevents the problem as https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/infrastructure/issues/8262 https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/34897.

The scheduler failure is considered retry able, and by default it is retried 2 extra times.

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation created/updated or follow-up review issue created
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content