Provide MR and Issue links through the Release API

What does this MR do?

The goal of this MR is to remove some links that were provided directly in the frontend (helpers) and instead to provide them via the Release API.

Context here: !16564 (comment 227453646)

Updated Release API docs: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/29020-merge-requests-issues-links/doc%2Fapi%2Freleases%2Findex.md

Screenshots

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation created/updated or follow-up review issue created
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Performance and Testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• Tested in all supported browsers

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• The MR includes necessary changes to maintain consistency between UI, API, email, or other methods
• Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team

Closes #29020 (closed)