Backport Resolve "Geo: JWT token expiration too short"

What does this MR do and why?

Describe in detail what merge request is being backported and why

Backports !154474 (merged) to %16.11.

Increase Geo's JWT expiration, in particular for large Git repositories with a lot of refs that take too long during the info/refs request phase of Git fetch. This is causing Geo replication authentication to fail for repos with too many refs.

Original issue: #464101 (closed)

Backport request issue: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/release/tasks/-/issues/11692

The problem is severe for customers who are affected. There isn't a reasonable workaround.

MR acceptance checklist

This checklist encourages us to confirm any changes have been analyzed to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

• This MR is backporting a bug fix, documentation update, or spec fix, previously merged in the default branch.
• The MR that fixed the bug on the default branch has been deployed to GitLab.com (not applicable for documentation or spec changes).
• This MR has a severity label assigned (if applicable).
• Set the milestone of the merge request to match the target backport branch version.
• This MR has been approved by a maintainer (only one approval is required).
• Ensure the e2e:package-and-test-ee job has either succeeded or been approved by a Software Engineer in Test.

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