Bump golang and postgres versions in documentation on self-installed instances

Jörg Behrmannrequested to merge
behrmann/gitlab:dependencydoc into master
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What does this MR do and why?

The version of golang and postgres in the self-installation install and upgrade docs are bumped.

Looking at the golang binaries in the omnibus bundle with gdb, one can see that they are already built with golang 1.22.4, so let's not hint people at trying older golang versions than are used by the real deal.

The notice about the postgres version is technically correct (16.0 requires 13 or later), but being more precise should be more helpful.

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