EE: Backport the EE schema to CE

What does this MR do?

This is the EE version of https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/26940, which contains all the necessary information.

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation created/updated or follow-up review issue created
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content