Increase max allowed loops check for Geo counters

What does this MR do and why?

Add the max_allowed_loops as an optional parameter the Gitlab::Database::BatchCounter and increase the max allowed looks check for Geo counters passing in a high number to this parameter. This is required to avoid reaching an unwanted configuration while counting records in a large table, e.g., job_artifact_registry.

MR acceptance checklist

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Related issues

Related to #421213 (closed)