Enforce approval rules based on attributes

What does this MR do and why?

This MR brings back changes from Enforce approval rules based on attributes (!123965 - merged) that were reverted in Revert "Enforce approval rules based on attribu... (!126835 - merged) due to an unhandled nil check due to the column vulnerability_attributes being nullable.

In commit !127250 (18e71e09), there's a fix with regression test for the unhandled nil checks.

Please see the original MR !123965 (merged) for database review.

Relates to #399117 (closed)

MR acceptance checklist

This checklist encourages us to confirm any changes have been analyzed to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

• I have evaluated the MR acceptance checklist for this MR.