Adds beta-badge shared vue component

What does this MR do and why?

This MR adds the beta badge that is described in https://design.gitlab.com/usability/feature-management#highlighting-feature-versions as a shared vue component. It doesn't have any configuration and dynamic behavior.

The update of the feature management page were introduced in feat(FeatMgmt): Update badge and popover of fea... (gitlab-org/gitlab-services/design.gitlab.com!3374 - merged)

In a follow-up MR we should add a reference from the link above ☝ to the shared component beta-badge.

Screenshots or screen recordings

Screenshots are required for UI changes, and strongly recommended for all other merge requests.

Screenshot from Pajamas feature management page:

<beta-badge /> component rendered in a vue app:

How to set up and validate locally

This new component can be viewed via Storybook

1. Checkout this branch
2. In the terminal, run yarn storybook:start
3. View the component via http://localhost:9002/?path=/story/vue-shared-beta-badge--default

MR acceptance checklist

This checklist encourages us to confirm any changes have been analyzed to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

• I have evaluated the MR acceptance checklist for this MR.