Use proxied_site for geo proxied clone urls

What does this MR do and why?

Cherry-pick !118058 (merged) as a patch for %15.10

Use a more reliable check for a proxied request to ensure that ssh_clone_url_to_repo doesn't cause errors for geo secondaries on the upgrade.

MR acceptance checklist

This checklist encourages us to confirm any changes have been analyzed to reduce risks in quality, performance, reliability, security, and maintainability.

• This MR is backporting a bug fix, documentation update, or spec fix, previously merged in the default branch.
• The original MR has been deployed to GitLab.com (not applicable for documentation or spec changes).
• This MR has a severity label assigned (if applicable).
• This MR has been approved by a maintainer (only one approval is required).
• Ensure the e2e:package-and-test-ee job has either succeeded or been approved by a Software Engineer in Test.

Note to the merge request author and maintainer

The process of backporting bug fixes into stable branches is tracked as part of an internal pilot. If you have questions about this process, please:

• Refer to the internal pilot issue for feedback or questions.
• Refer to the patch release runbook for engineers and maintainers for guidance.