Fix Google CDN not encoding UTF-8 characters

What does this MR do and why?

Previously if a job artifact were prefaced with "©️", those bytes were stripped when rendering a Google CDN URL because the URL did not properly encode the characters. This commit now uses Addressable::URI.encode_component to do the job. CarrierWave::Utilities::Uri#encode_path does the same thing.

What's so special about "©️"? ChatGPT beautifully answered the question:

Relates to #396945 (closed)

How to set up and validate locally

1. Set up Google CDN.
2. Use https://gitlab.com/ulisesf/cdn-emoji-test/-/jobs/3951047136.
3. Attempt to download artifacts on both jobs.

MR acceptance checklist

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