Backend: Update catalog_resource.latest_released_at column when version is created/deleted/updated

Summary

This is the next step to #408382 (closed). Now that we have the ability to sort the GQL ciCatalogResources endpoint by LATEST_RELEASED_AT, we should ensure the catalog_resources.latest_released_at column actually has meaningful data. latest_released_at is a denormalized database column that allows us to simplify ordering catalog resources by their latest Version's released_at date.

Proposal

When a Version is created/deleted or when the associated Release updates its released_at value:

• Re-evaluate the latest Version and update latest_released_at with the latest Version's released_at value.
• If there are no Versions, update latest_released_at to null.

Implementation

Issue	Link
Backend: Add released sort to CI Catalog GraphQL (#408382 - closed)	#408382 (closed)
Backend: Update catalog_resource.latest_release... (#427791 - closed)	👈 You are here

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