feat(GlFilteredSearch): Update styling

What does this MR do?

• Brings the styling closer in line with pajamas and the search-box-by-click component
• Applies the disabled property to the filter and nested component
• Adds a disabled knob to the storybook stories

Screenshots

Before	after

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Code review guidelines.
• GitLab UI's contributing guidlines.
• If it changes a Pajamas-compliant component's look & feel, the MR has been reviewed by a UX designer.
• If it changes GitLab UI's documentation guidelines, the MR has been reviewed by a Technical Writer.
• If the MR changes a component's API, integration MR(s) have been opened in the following projects to ensure that the @gitlab/ui package can be upgraded quickly after the changes are released:
  • GitLab: mr_url
  • Customers Portal: mr_url
  • Status Page: mr_url
• Added the ~"component:*" label(s) if applicable.