ci: start integrating go 1.17 into the CI pipelines

Making sure that all projects have been updated to test against the new Go version is a requisite for changing the package builders to use it (https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/development/go_guide/#updating-go-version)

Note: As opposed to !509 (merged), this can be merged even before 14.2 is released since it doesn't affect the go version of the project.