Go 1.24.2 update

Overview

ℹ️ This MR needs !1285 (merged) merged first.

This MR updates go 1.24 as the default version to test against, as well as dropping support for 1.22 because we no longer need it due to:

$ go run gitlab.com/ashmckenzie/canwebumpgoyetatgitlab@latest

https://docs.gitlab.com/development/go_guide/go_upgrade states:

  To enable backports, we must support the versions of Go shipped by
  Distribution in the latest 3 minor GitLab releases, excluding the active
  milestone.

go version (latest):     1.24.2
go version (additional): 1.23.8

GitLab Version: v17.11.0-ee
CNG version:                    v17.11.0-ee (go 1.23.6)
Omnibus-builder image revision: 5.31.0      (go 1.23.6)

GitLab Version: v17.10.0-ee
CNG version:                    v17.10.0-ee (go 1.23.6)
Omnibus-builder image revision: 5.29.0      (go 1.23.6)

GitLab Version: v17.9.0-ee
CNG version:                    v17.9.0-ee  (go 1.23.4)
Omnibus-builder image revision: 5.27.0      (go 1.23.6)

Closes Update Go version to 1.24.2 (#815 - closed)