Refactor autoscaler provider for readability and update dependencies

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What does this MR do?

Refactors executors/internal/autoscaler/provider.go to improve readability and maintainability. Updates related dependencies.

Why was this MR needed?

The refactor was inspired by @avonbertoldi's suggestion to make the autoscaler provider code easier to understand.

What's the best way to test this MR?

Run unit and integration tests.

What are the relevant issue numbers?

N/A

Credit

Thanks to @avonbertoldi for the idea!

Info

Sven Geisler sven.geisler@mercedes-benz.com, Mercedes-AMG GmbH Provider Information