Bump golang to 1.24.4

What does this MR do?

Bump golang to 1.24.4

• bump golang itself
• bump base-images
  • also bumps golang
  • bumps docker-machine

Why was this MR needed?

To address CVE-2025-4673

What's the best way to test this MR?

-

What are the relevant issue numbers?

• closes: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-runner/-/issues/38886
• closes: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-runner/-/issues/38887
• closes: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-runner/-/issues/38888
• closes: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-runner/-/issues/38889