Update GitLab Runner CHANGELOG after v17.5.2, v17.4.2, v17.3.3, v17.2.3 patches

What does this MR do?

Update GitLab Runner CHANGELOG after v17.5.2, v17.4.2, v17.3.3, v17.2.3 patches

Why was this MR needed?

Keep CHANGELOG up to date

What's the best way to test this MR?

Compare changelog with patch branches

What are the relevant issue numbers?

None

Merge request reports

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