Update to Go Cloud v0.23.0

What does this MR do?

Tries to mirror !2637 (merged) to resolve https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-runner/-/issues/27875

Related: A customer reported a different list of vulns in their scanner: internal ticket.

Why was this MR needed?

What's the best way to test this MR?

CI pipeline here? I've run make test offline and didn't see a test failure that seemed obviously related to these version bumps.

What are the relevant issue numbers?

See above.