ci: start integrating go 1.17 into the CI pipelines

What does this MR do?

Making sure that all projects have been updated to test against the new Go version is a requisite for changing the package builders to use it (https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/development/go_guide/#updating-go-version)

Note: As opposed to !547 (merged), this can be merged before 14.2 is released since it doesn't affect the go version of the project.

TODO

• I added the Changelog trailer (e.g. Changelog: feature) to the commits that need to be included in the changelog
• I added unit tests or they are not required
• I added acceptance tests or they are not required
• I added documentation (or it's not required)
• I followed code review guidelines
• I followed Go Style guidelines