Bump Node Version to 22.22.3

What does this MR do?

Upgrades Node.js in the builder images from 22.12.0 to 22.22.3 (NODE_VERSION in docker/VERSIONS).

Release notes: Node.js 22.22.3: Here

No breaking changes in this Node bump — semver-major changes are never backported into an LTS line, and everything between 22.12.0 and 22.22.3 is a minor or patch release.

Why is this needed?

Prometheus 3.13.2 requires a newer Node.js toolchain to build its web UI assets. The currently shipped Node 22.12.0 is too old, blocking the Prometheus upgrade in Omnibus GitLab (see omnibus-gitlab!9666 (merged)).

Additionally, the follow-up pnpm tooling MR (!498 (merged)) requires Node.js >= 22.13, so this upgrade is a prerequisite for that as well.

Related links

• Omnibus GitLab Prometheus 3.13.2 upgrade: omnibus-gitlab!9666 (merged)
• Follow-up MR adding pnpm to the builder images: !498 (merged)

Checklist

• NODE_VERSION bumped to 22.22.3 in docker/VERSIONS
• Change is limited to the Node.js version only (pnpm changes split into !498 (merged))
• Builder image test jobs pass on all platforms (amd64, arm64, fips)
• Commit message follows the commit message guidelines
• Review discussions resolved
• Maintainer review completed

Signed-off-by: psingh29 <psingh@gitlab.com>