Extract Auto DevOps deploy functions in a base image

What does this MR do?

Uses image generated from https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cluster-integration/auto-deploy-image.

Last part of https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/55165. Closes #50286 (closed)

The functions have been extracted out from this yml to https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cluster-integration/auto-deploy-image/blob/v0.1.0/src/bin/auto-deploy

Changes :

• Image uses bash now (previously it was alpine sh)
• Rather than installing dependencies everytime, dependencies now comes with the image

TODOs

• Tag v0.1.0 for https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cluster-integration/auto-deploy-image
• Update image:
• Test

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation created/updated or follow-up review issue created
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Performance and testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• [-] Tested in all supported browsers

Manual QA

Using the following YAML to test

include:
  - remote: 'https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/raw/extract_auto_deploy_into_base_image/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/Deploy.gitlab-ci.yml'

https://staging.gitlab.com/hello-staging/minimal-ruby-app/-/jobs/36078082:

• review job ✅
• performance job (which relies on the environment_url.txt) ✅

https://staging.gitlab.com/hello-staging/minimal-ruby-app/-/jobs/36078500

• production ✅

https://staging.gitlab.com/hello-staging/minimal-ruby-app/-/jobs/36078608

• staging ✅

https://staging.gitlab.com/hello-staging/minimal-ruby-app/-/jobs/36078612

• incremental rollout jobs ✅

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• The MR includes necessary changes to maintain consistency between UI, API, email, or other methods
• Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team