[CE] use `retry_on_exception` instead of duplicating code

What does this MR do?

Uses retry_on_exception instead of duplicating code.

EE MR: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/merge_requests/14051

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• [-] Changelog entry
• [-] Documentation created/updated or follow-up review issue created
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• [-] Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content