CE backport for gitlab-ee!13894 (Save repository_type to LfsObjectsProject)

What does this MR do?

This backports to CE changes that allow the recording of the repository_type in the table lfs_objects_projects.

Note that there was a lot of CE code changed in the EE MR because we want to allow the wiki repository to also use LFS in the near future, recording the repository_type of 'wiki'. See https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/43721. As the wiki is an unlicensed feature, a full backport is required to enable this.

The EE MR that contains the original code and a full explanation of the changes is https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/merge_requests/13894

EE Issue https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/issues/9490

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• [-] Changelog entry
• [-] Documentation created/updated or follow-up review issue created
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• [-] Separation of EE specific content

Performance and testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• [-] Tested in all supported browsers

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• [-] Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• [-] The MR includes necessary changes to maintain consistency between UI, API, email, or other methods
• [-] Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team