Port upgrade workers and services from EE

What does this MR do?

Port workers and services involved in upgrading cluster applications (so far only Prometheus in EE).

Something else in a later MR (periodic worker?, migration?) will then have to call Clusters::Applications::ScheduleUpdateService.

What are the relevant issue numbers?

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/49384 and https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/55544

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• [-] Documentation created/updated via this MR
• [-] Documentation reviewed by technical writer or follow-up review issue created
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• [-] Tested in all supported browsers
• Conforms to the code review guidelines
• Conforms to the merge request performance guidelines
• Conforms to the style guides
• Conforms to the database guides
• Link to e2e tests MR added if this MR has Requires e2e tests label. See the Test Planning Process.
• Security reports checked/validated by reviewer