Resolve "Add runner JSON schema"

What does this MR do?

As described in gitlab-org/gitlab-ce#51093, gitlab-org/gitlab-ee!7233 introduces some changes that can be proted in ce as well. This MR ports the changes to ce

What are the relevant issue numbers?

gitlab-org/gitlab-ce#51093 Main issue

gitlab-org/gitlab-ce#50101 Vue/Vuex issue

gitlab-org/gitlab-ee#7441 EE issue

gitlab-org/gitlab-ee!7233 EE MR

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• Documentation created/updated
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• Conforms to the code review guidelines
• Conforms to the merge request performance guidelines
• Conforms to the style guides
• Conforms to the database guides

Closes #51093 (closed)