Backport of EE "catch entering username as an email instead of returning a 500 error"

What does this MR do?

Backport of EE https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/merge_requests/6804

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Why was this MR needed?

Screenshots (if relevant)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• Documentation created/updated
• API support added
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• Conforms to the code review guidelines
  • Has been reviewed by a UX Designer
  • Has been reviewed by a Frontend maintainer
  • Has been reviewed by a Backend maintainer
  • Has been reviewed by a Database specialist
• Conforms to the merge request performance guidelines
• Conforms to the style guides
• Conforms to the database guides
• If you have multiple commits, please combine them into a few logically organized commits by squashing them
• Internationalization required/considered
• End-to-end tests pass (package-and-qa manual pipeline job)

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