Resolve "2FA should not attempt to use U2F in unsupported browsers"

What does this MR do?

It removes the Your browser doesn't support U2F. Please use Google Chrome desktop (version 41 or newer). message completely and redirects the user to the normal 2FA flow instead.

Are there points in the code the reviewer needs to double check?

Why was this MR needed?

As stated in #40005 (closed) and #27772 (closed), the displayed message is unnecessary and it is more convenient for the user to see the 2FA flow directly.

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• Conform by the code review guidelines
  • Has been reviewed by a Frontend maintainer
• Conform by the merge request performance guides
• Conform by the style guides
• If you have multiple commits, please combine them into a few logically organized commits by squashing them

What are the relevant issue numbers?

Closes #40005 (closed), #27772 (closed)