Upgrade jQuery to 2.2.4

What does this MR do?

Upgrades jQuery from 2.2.1 to 2.2.4 for XSS & DoS and its related jquery-ujs from 1.2.1 to 1.2.2 and jquery-rails gem from 4.1.1 to 4.3.1.

Are there points in the code the reviewer needs to double check?

n/a

Why was this MR needed?

To prevent XSS and DoS.

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• [n/a] Documentation created/updated
• [n/a] API support added
• [n/a] Tests added for this feature/bug
• Review
  • Has been reviewed by UX
  • Has been reviewed by Frontend
  • [n/a] Has been reviewed by Backend
  • [n/a] Has been reviewed by Database
• Conform by the merge request performance guides
• Conform by the style guides
• Squashed related commits together
• [n/a] Internationalization required/considered

What are the relevant issue numbers?

Closes #40481 (closed)