Add new API endpoint - get a namespace by ID

What does this MR do?

Implements new API endpoint that allows to find a namespace by its ID.

EE conflicts are resolved in gitlab-ee!3450.

Are there points in the code the reviewer needs to double check?

Why was this MR needed?

Please read #40254 (closed) for a reference.

Screenshots (if relevant)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• Documentation created/updated
• API support added
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• Review
  • Has been reviewed by UX
  • Has been reviewed by Frontend
  • Has been reviewed by Backend
  • Has been reviewed by Database
• Conform by the merge request performance guides
• Conform by the style guides
• Squashed related commits together
• Internationalization required/considered

What are the relevant issue numbers?

Closes #40254 (closed)