[New] Update project base image

(Replaces !213 (closed), based on !215 (closed))

We were using an outdated image format that is not being updated anymore.

This change is necessary to keep pulling in patch-level bumps to some of the container dependencies.

This is necessary for &7853 (closed)

Before:

$ go version
go version go1.17.7 linux/amd64

After make build:

$ go version
go version go1.17.10 linux/amd64