Creates vue component for artifacts block

What does this MR do?

• Creates vue component for artifacts block
• Moves this code into Vue:

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/blob/master/app/views/projects/jobs/_sidebar.html.haml#L11

.block
  .title
    Job artifacts
  - if @build.artifacts_expired?
    %p.build-detail-row
      The artifacts were removed
      #{time_ago_with_tooltip(@build.artifacts_expire_at)}
  - elsif @build.has_expiring_artifacts?
    %p.build-detail-row
      The artifacts will be removed
      #{time_ago_with_tooltip(@build.artifacts_expire_at)}

  - if @build.artifacts?
    .btn-group.d-flex{ role: :group }
      - if @build.has_expiring_artifacts? && can?(current_user, :update_build, @build)
        = link_to keep_project_job_artifacts_path(@project, @build), class: 'btn btn-sm btn-default', method: :post do
          Keep

      = link_to download_project_job_artifacts_path(@project, @build), rel: 'nofollow', download: '', class: 'btn btn-sm btn-default' do
        Download

      - if @build.browsable_artifacts?
        = link_to browse_project_job_artifacts_path(@project, @build), class: 'btn btn-sm btn-default' do
          Browse

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• Conforms to the code review guidelines
• Conforms to the merge request performance guidelines
• Conforms to the style guides

#50101 (closed)