Add Java and related build tools in Workspace base image

Issue: Add Java with JDK (LTS version), Maven, Gradle ... (gitlab#524745 - closed)

What does this MR do and why?

This MR adds Java and its build tools- Maven and Gradle to the base image of workspace. This is required to enable workspace users to develop Java services.

There is a slight change in the get_image_tag function, this change replaces characters that are not compliant to docker tag rules.
This is done because Java release versions may have plus sign which can cause issues otherwise.

All versions chosen are either LTS or latest stable versions recommended by their respective providers.

Checklist

• (If applicable) Add patches if required for upgrading Ruby version in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-build-images/-/tree/master/patches/ruby.