go: Bump to 1.22.3 for non-FIPS image
What does this MR do and why?
Go 1.22.2 appears to have a vulnerability in the standard library which causes govulncheck to fail. See https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/jobs/6802703640 as an example.
Bump the non-FIPS version of Go 1.22 to 1.22.3, which has a fix for the issue. There is currently no FIPS fork of 1.22.3 yet, so leave the version as-is.
Checklist
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(If applicable) Add patches if required for upgrading Ruby version in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-build-images/-/tree/master/patches/ruby.