Use buster as the base image for vscode build

What does this MR do and why?

Describe in detail what your merge request does and why.

Use buster as the base image for vscode build. As per https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/remote/linux , the minimum requirements for running vscode is glibc >= 2.28. Thus, the image which builds VS Code should also use the same glibc version.

$ docker run -it node:18.19-buster /bin/bash
root@b3ff18d6ce7c:/# ldd --version
ldd (Debian GLIBC 2.28-10+deb10u2) 2.28
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
root@b3ff18d6ce7c:/# find / -type f -name "*libstdc++.so*"
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.25
/usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.25-gdb.py
root@b3ff18d6ce7c:/# strings /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.25 | grep LIBCXX
GLIBCXX_3.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.1
GLIBCXX_3.4.2
GLIBCXX_3.4.3
GLIBCXX_3.4.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.5
GLIBCXX_3.4.6
GLIBCXX_3.4.7
GLIBCXX_3.4.8
GLIBCXX_3.4.9
GLIBCXX_3.4.10
GLIBCXX_3.4.11
GLIBCXX_3.4.12
GLIBCXX_3.4.13
GLIBCXX_3.4.14
GLIBCXX_3.4.15
GLIBCXX_3.4.16
GLIBCXX_3.4.17
GLIBCXX_3.4.18
GLIBCXX_3.4.19
GLIBCXX_3.4.20
GLIBCXX_3.4.21
GLIBCXX_3.4.22
GLIBCXX_3.4.23
GLIBCXX_3.4.24
GLIBCXX_3.4.25
GLIBCXX_DEBUG_MESSAGE_LENGTH

This is a followup from !780 (comment 1782633831) where @leipert helped catch this issue.

Testing

Evidence that this change solves the issue - gitlab#441760 (comment 1784255767)

Checklist

• (If applicable) Add patches if required for upgrading Ruby version in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-build-images/-/tree/master/patches/ruby.